Hot-water heating system.



No 794,157. PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

H. A. BOLZE.

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM APPLICATION FILED 00T.21.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- No. 794,157. PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

- H. A. BOLZE.

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED 00121.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

H. A. BDLZB. HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 21,1904.

3 SHEETS8HEET 3.

Mlzzeasw UNrrnio STATES Patented July 11, 1905.

PATENT rricn.

HOT-WATER HEATING SYSTEM.

SIECIFICA'IION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 794,157, dated July 11, 1905.

Application filed October 21, 1904.. Serial No. 229,464.

To (1.7/7 whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, HEINRICH ATI'IANASIUS BoLzn, engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at No. 8 Nienburgerstrasse, Hanover, in the German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hot-VVater Heating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a hot-water heating system in which the hot water in its course receives a regulated constantly-uniform excess of pressure, so that a lively but nevertheless regulated circulation of the hot water is achieved independently of the level of the source of heat (boiler or preheater) in respect of the radiator. This action is obtained by arranging above the highestpoint of the heating system instead of the closed expansion vessel now usual two open vessels, of which the one stands higher than the other, the upper vessel being connected with the outflow, while the lower is connected with the returnflow of the system. When water fiows into the upper vessel, it passes first into the outflow and then into the return-flow, and from there a portion flows into the lower vessel, another portion being pumped back by means of a pump or the like into the upper vessel. The exact regulation of the excess pressure or the driving water column is attained by means of the overflow from the upper vessel to the lower. The source of heat can be arranged in the outflow, in the return-flow, or in the two open vessels-that is to say, at any desired position of the heating system.

In the accompanying diagrams the heating system according to this invention is illustrated.

Figure 1 shows the simplest form. Fig. 2 is a modification with a variation in the arrangement of the two vessels, standing one above the other, and of the pipes leading to these. Fig. 3 shows a furthermodification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, a low-pressure boiler being the source of circulation for the water-raising device and the source of heat for the preheater,while ahot-water boiler is employed as afurther source of heat. Fig. 4 is another view of the low-pressure boiler shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a section, drawn to an enlarged scale, through the two vessels in communication with a low-pressuresteam water-raiser. Fig. 6 shows the low-pressuresteam water-raiser (pulsometer) in section. Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the heating system when steam is used as an accessory in the system, and therefore no low-pressure boiler is necessary as a source of circulation and heat. Fig. 8 illustrates the new heating system constructed as a flat-heating system in which the radiators stand at the same height as the boiler and only one low-pressure steamboiler is used with a preheater, so that there is no hot-water boiler.

Referring to Fig. 1, above the heating system there are two open vesselsz' and is instead of the expansion vessel hitherto used. The hot-water boiler a, which serves as the source of heat for the hot-water heating and whose position may be any desired, is in this case inserted in the outflow, so that the latter is dividedinto two parts-namely, 'into the pipe Z, which leads from the upper vessel 5 to the hotwaterboiler c, and the lead I), to which the radiators are connected. The outfiow begins, therefore, from the upper vessel iand passes through the source of heat to the radiators. The return-flow c from the latter is conveyed by a pipe at to the second lower vessel A. By means of pipes p and Q and a pump 0 the two vessels c' and 7c are connected together, and there is also an overflow-pipe a leading from the vessel to the vessel 7c. When this heating system is filled with water, the latter attains a certain height in the lower vessel is, and the pump 0 is set in action, so that the water coming from the return-pipe m or from thelower vessels Z: is raised to the upper vessel, a circulation is set up in the heating system, and the head of water 10 measured by the distance between the two water-levels in the vessels 6 and 7a is limited by the overflow-pipe a. From the upper vessel r1 the water flows, therefore, with the available pressure represented by the head 10 into the source of heat a, whence it passes through the radiators into the return-pipe c, the pipe 177., and the lower vessel L, being finally brought back to the upper vessel iby the pump 0. Should the pump 0 raise too much water, the excess flows directly through the overflow-pipe a into the lower vessel is, so that the head of water 1O is accurately limited and may be fixed.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 the two vessels i and 7c constitute acontainer 7i, divided by a horizontal partition. The overflow=pipe n passes through'or rises fromthis partition. The connection with the source of heat and the return-flow is also differently arranged. The return-pipe 0 is brought back to the source of heat a, and in this pipe is a valve or the like OZ. At a point between this valve 0? and the boiler a the pipe Z, leading from the upper vessel, joins the returnpipe, while on the other side of this valve the pipe m leads from the return-pipe to the lower vessel,so that when thevalved is closed the source of energy lies in the outflow, which starts from the upper vessel i. The advantage of this arrangement-is that when the valve cl is open and the'pump 0 is not "at work the heating systemcanbe worked as an ordinary hot-water system, since then the circulation begins at the source of heat. In this case it is necessary, of course, that the level of the radiators relatively to the boiler should'be such as to allow'a natural flow of hot water due to the difference of temperature of the water columns in the outflow and return.

As already stated,Fig. 3 shows the whole arrangement of this new heating system with" the hot-waterboiler a can be brought=into The steam-boiler e is in this case-pref use; erablya' sectional boiler with comparatively small" steam andwater chambers and with'the necessary. regulation of combustion,'so that itsevaporative power maybe exactly regulated and the necessary steam-pressure can be kept constant.

The-'steam boilere, as is shown in Fig. 4, maybe provided with a" cylindrical vessel f,

connected at'its upper part bytl1e-pipe20- withthe steam-space and at its lower part by the pipe 21' with thewater-space of the boiler in order to enlarge thesetwo spaces.

- ated a preheater g, containing a single pipe 4, into which opens on the one side a' pipe-Z,-

coming from the upper vessel 11 or a branch thereof, so that the hot water coming from the vessel t' passes through this preheater surrounded "with steam and is thus preheated V In the steamsspace of this cylindrical vesself' is situ" lated by adjustment of a three-way cock 2 into such a position that only part of the hot water passes through the preheater, while the remainder passes through a by-pass 3 directly to the outflow-pipe Z) and there mixes with the water coming from the preheater through the pipe 4;

In Fig. 5 the two vessels t' and 7c are shown in vertical section, drawn to an enlarged scale. The pulsometer 0, serving to lift the water, (shown in section by way of example indiagram 6, the air-inlets not being shown,) is placed at such a level below the lower vessel k that its chambers are automatically filled with water. By admission of the necessary steam-pressure the water from each pulsometer-chamber isseparately-forced into the upper vessel @where it flows freely over the highest water-level.

The process of'lifting the water is as follows: The water flows from the lower vessel 70, th'rough'the pipe 1), into the two chambers of the pulsometer. W'henthesteam which passes from the low-pressuresteam-boiler 0, through the pipe 1', to a chamber controlled by a ball-valves or-some other kind of valve has a-higher pressure than that of the watercolumn in thepipe the'Water from-this particular pulsometer-chamber will beforced up the said pipe q until its level reaches-the lower edge ofthe pipe, which is the so-called' condensation-line. When'this-line is reached, there occurs, as in every pulsometer, arapid condensation ofthesteam with formation of a vacuum, so that the ball-valve is turnedover and thesteamenters into the second chamber and forces'the water-therefrom, while the first chamber is again'fill'ed through'the'pipe p.- While the steam is drivingover the water the latter -is at the same-time heated by the steam, so that when the-demand on the radiators is small this heating-may alone-be sufiicient. The control of thepulsometero isarranged as hitherto usual, only the steam-passages are made wide to'correspond with the low steam-pressure here used,-and if any ball-- valveis used the ballmay be-propor-tionately light. Thepipe p opensinto each'pulsometerchamber at such'a height above the bottom thereof that the contents of the chamber cannot'be'driven backthrough the pipe p The water is only forced back-inthe pipepitself correspondingly with the steampressure, which'may be accurately-adjusted by a regulator in the low-pressuresteam boiler. The pipes 1 and q of the pulsometerhave therefore no valves which verymuch-diminislrthe efliciencywithlow-pressuresteamand donot close-tightlywhen thehot water contains impurities, For working-the'pulsometerthere is necessary only-steam having apressure in excess of that corresponding with the watercolumn in the pipe q -and smallerthan the water-columnof the height between the exit of the pipe and the water-levelin the vessel 7r. When high steam-pressures are used, this lastnamed water-column is inconveniently long, and then it is advantageous to use a pulsometer with check-valves.

ith ordinary working the water-lifter must be of such power that it not only raises all the water which flows back to the lower vessel 7 from the radiators, but also produces the driving-head 10that is to say, it must have such an excess of water that the latter flows back through an overflow. This constant excess, which must be the greater the more radiators are cut out, can at the same time be used to regulate the amount of water lifted by the water-lifter, so that it is unnecessary to lift much more water than can flow through the heating system. Instead of the aforesaid overflow n, or somewhat lower than this, an overflow 5 can be arranged which leads into a bell-shaped vessel of a known kind. This vessel is suspended in a second vessel 3 and is connected, through a suitable lever w, with a throttle-valve 6 in the steam-pipe of the water-lifter 0.

In the bottom of the vessel there is an opening 2, which when the working is normal allows the overflow-water to pass into the vessel y whence it passes from the pipe to the lower vessel 7r. If, however, the circulation of water is diminished by the cutting out of radiators in the system the water-lifter will raise too much water and more flows through the overflow 5 into the vessel .2 than can pass away from the opening in the bottom thereof. The vessel .2 therefore becomes full and sinking by reason of its weight adjusts the throttle-valve 6 of the water-lifter 0, thus diminishing the amount of steam which has access to the latter, and therefore the amount of hot water lifted.

The water-level in the lower vessel 7:: Will in the course of working of the Water-lifter 0 rise as the working steam will be added to the hot water in the form of condensation-Water. Moreover, the vessel at the beginning may be filled too full, thus diminishing the desired driving-head 10. To avoid this, there is arranged in the upper vessel at substantially the same level as the overflow 5 a further overflow 25, provided with a valve m, which is moved by means of a float a in the lower vessel. The float opens the valve in when the driving water-level in 71) is exceeded, and in normal working there then flows through 00 so much water, which is therefore separated from the heating system, that the prearranged driving-head 10 is again established. The water flowing away through this overflow t is advantageously returned to the steamboiler a through a pipe 0; to serve as feedwater.

In the hereinbefore-described arrangement the water-lifter 0 forms an almost direct connection between the two vessels Z and 7a. Instead of this, or in combination therewith, a

pump, since when the latter is raising too much water and the overflow increases the vessel .2 would become heavier and will sink, and this movement can be transmitted in any known manner to the pump control, so as to diminish the volume of delivery of the latter.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 the boiler is not shown; but it is supposed that steam from such a suitable source thereof is led to the system from a distance. As a source of heat there is used in this case a preheater consisting of several steam-pipes the operation being substantially the same as already described.

Fig. 8 shows diagrammatically the arrangement of the new heating system for heating flats, wherein a low-pressure steam-boiler with a preheater is arranged as the source of circulation and of heat, so that no hot-water boiler is necessary, and, moreover, outflow and return pipes are led in part at a lower level than the boiler and radiators.

Having thus described the nature of my said invention and the best means I know of carrying the same into practical effect, I claim- 1. In ahot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the highest point of the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, an outflow system in connection with the upper vessel, a return system in connection with the lower vessel, and a water-lifter situated in the system for raising the water from the said lower vessel into the said upper vessel.

2. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, a source of heat connected. with the upper vessel, a return system con nected with the lower vessel, a pump situated in the system for raising the water from the lower vessel to the upper one, and radiators connected with the return system and the lower vessel in such a manner that the water pumped from the lower vessel into the upper vessel flows from the latter to the source of heat, and thence from the radiators to the return system.

3. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, an outflow system, a return system, a source of heat connected with the return system, a valve situated in the return system, a pipe leading to the return system from the upper vessel at a point between the said valve and the said source of heat, and a pipe leading to the lower vessel from the return system at a point therein farther from the source of heat than is the said valve.

4:. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, a water-lifter situated in the system and an overflow between the said upper vessel and the said lower vessel.

5. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, a water-lifter in the system, an overflow in the said upper vessel, a suspended vessel into which the said overflow opens at a higher level than the working water-level in the said lower vessel, a lever adapted to be operated by the said suspended vessel, a source of steam, apipe leading from the said source of steam to the said water-lifter,

and a valve in the said pipe adapted to be operated by the said lever. A

6. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, an overflow in the said upper vessel, a valve closing the said overflow and afloat connected with the said valve and situated in the said lower vessel.

7. In a hot-water heating system, two open water vessels situated above the heating system, the one vessel being at a higher level than the other, and a pulsometer arranged to lift water from the lower vessel into the upper vessel while at the same time warming the said water.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

lllbINRIClI ATllANASIUS BOLZE. Witnesses:

LnoNoRn RUscrI, HmmIINE GODECKE. 

